FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA
FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA DESCRIPTION Febrile neutropenia is defined as an absolute neutrophil count of < 0.5 x109/L with a temperature of greater than 38°C for > 1 hour. This is a medical emergency as these patients Read More…
FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA DESCRIPTION Febrile neutropenia is defined as an absolute neutrophil count of < 0.5 x109/L with a temperature of greater than 38°C for > 1 hour. This is a medical emergency as these patients Read More…
ANAEMIA, SICKLE CELL DESCRIPTION Homozygous sickle cell anaemia (HbSS: HbS > 50–100%). Individuals with sickle cell trait have < 50% HbS and are generally asymptomatic. The disease is characterised by various crises: vaso-occlusive, aplastic, megaloblastic Read More…
ANAEMIA, MEGALOBLASTIC DESCRIPTION Anaemia caused by a deficiency of folate and/or vitamin B12. Investigations Elevated MCV (mean corpuscular volume) and MCH (mean corpuscular haemoglobin). Macro-ovalocytes on blood smear; polysegmentation of neutrophils, thrombocytopenia with giant platelets. Read More…
DESCRIPTION Anaemia due to iron deficiency. Common causes of iron deficiency are chronic blood loss or poor nutritional intake. Hypochromic microcytic anaemia Investigations Assess for a haematological response to iron therapy. GENERAL MEASURES Identify and Read More…
DESCRIPTION Anaemia due to destruction of red blood cells. Destruction may be due to: » Extracellular factors such as auto-immunity or mechanical factors, e.g. disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hypersplenism, medications. » Abnormalities of the cell Read More…
DESCRIPTION Anaemia due to chronic inflammation. This is characteristically a normochromic normocytic anaemia. Common causes of anaemia of chronic disorder include: » malignancy, e.g. haematological or solid tumours, » autoimmune disorders, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, » Read More…
DESCRIPTION Pancytopenia due to a hypoplastic bone marrow. Clinical features: » pallor, » petechiae, » purpura, and » bleeding with frequent or severe infections. MEDICINE TREATMENT If neutropenic and febrile, see section 2.7: Febrile Neutropenia. Read More…
DESCRIPTION Infection of the peritoneum, usually secondary to a surgical cause such as perforated bowel. In this setting polymicrobial infection with anaerobes and Enterobacteriaceae are usually found. Primary or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is much less Read More…
DESCRIPTION Infection with the protozoan parasite, G. lamblia which colonises the proximal small intestine. GENERAL MEASURES Fluid and electrolyte replacement in severe diarrhoea. MEDICINE TREATMENT Metronidazole, oral, 400 mg 8 hourly for 5 days. Read More…
DESCRIPTION Diarrhoea with blood and/or mucus due to E. histolytica. GENERAL MEASURES Rehydration may be necessary. This should be done with oral rehydration solution (ORS) unless the patient is vomiting or profoundly dehydrated. Surgery for Read More…
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