This antigen can be trace back to year 1903 a man called smith and his colleague found that motile hog cholera bacillus had a non motile change. As antiserum produce against the motile organism yield an unlike agglutination reaction to the motile organism, the motile organism exhibit a quick fluffy type of agglutination while non motile micro organism exhibit slow granulated agglutination after His work, years later a man called Beyer and His colleague carried out experiment by heating the motile micro organism at 70ºC for 15 minute, they observed that heated motile micro organism exhibit agglutination reaction the same way with that unheated non motile micro organism, the mechanism behind these are, there were destruction of flagellate of the motile micro organism which was heated by heat. Conclusion of these experiments is that motile micro organism has two type of antigen which is; flagellate antigen and body antigen. But non motile micro organisms have only one antigen which is the body antigen.
Agglutination reaction work proceeds further by gaining more scientific research by many scientists. In 1917 a man called Weil and His colleague carried more research work on agglutination reaction, which they test for agglutination flagellate of motile organism, the micro orgasm subjected for the investigation where media agar culture plate. In the outcome of the investigation there is the appearance of mist like substance, like when someone breathes on a glass surface, was later named Hauch, meaning breath. Therefore non motile micro organism changed by exhibiting colonies of discrete like nature on the surface of the same media and it was name Ohne Hauch meaning non breath.
The class of micro organism where label H and O micro organism. H for flagellate and O somatic which is on the body, and they are reacted to H and O antibodies that give the basic routine serological test of widal test, in term of serological process of examination and identification of micro organism by microbiologist.
The reaction used specifically involve agglutination fixation, preparation, complement fixation and label antibody test etc. these process are all carried out in the medical laboratories.
Agglutination: These processes take place when antigen produce by micro organism and antibodies produce in the body of the host as a result to visible formation of clumps. The antigen usually particulate for example bacteria cells as in the case of salmonella O and H agglutination test in the laboratories.
Several tube agglutination examination are carried out using 96% well micro tire trays and multi channel pipettes, perhaps the importance process usually conducted by using tube agglutination. Bellow is tube test procedure;
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