Microscopic examinations of urine

The most common laboratory procedure utilised the detection of Renal or urinary tract disease is a microscopic examination of urine.

This can be done in various ways, but is generally carried out by taking a standard amount of urine, centrifuging the specimen for a fixed period of time, removing the supernatant fluid, resuspending the sediment in the standard volume usually 1ml, and examine the sediment under the microscope.

For semi-quantitative or standardise analysis of the urinary sediment, a constant volume of urine more be centrifuged and a constant volume of supernatant removed. For example, 12 mil of urine should be centrifuge and finally resuspended in 1ml. Examinations of a urinary sediment enables assessment of the number of cells such as white cells, red cells, epithelial cells, and tumor cells, casts, crystals and parasites in urine to be done.

Each of these constituents can be a valuable indicator of pathology.

There are various way in which a urinary sediments can be examined.

With the proper level of professional expertise bright-field microscope of unstained urine can identify all clinical importance and irrelevant structures in the sediment. It is necessary to adjust the amount of light entering the objective by carefully positioning the condenser and Iris diaphragm.

Other method of examination include phase-contrast interference or polarized microscope or use of staining methods such amonochrome staining, gram staining or supravital staining.

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