LABELLED ANTIBODY TEST

LABELLED ANTIBODY TEST: it is important to stick to different type of label onto antibodies by not completing their potential to lay an ambush on the antigens. There are several numbers of label that are commonly used,

1. Flourescent Dyes (fluorochromes): this is an involvement of radioactive substance with enzyme to activate the respective for florescent antibody (FAB) test.
2. Enzyme Linked Immunoassays (ELISA) and Radioimmunoassay’s (RIA). These involve the use of chemical plus luminescent called chemiluminiscent reagent these have the light for examination of antibody and antigen reaction an this point when a flash light where measured instead of radio activity these is taken to be more safer and secure than of RIA reaction.

On carrying out the test, it have several way which it take, the labeling of antibody’s is conducted directly or indirectly or with the used of sandwich technique. These give a step taken for detection of antibody in the serum of patient by using different labeling technique which is shown bellow.

There another method that moved the application of solid phase onto which antigen or the antibody is stacked to on these points, it is necessary to use a system where the antigen is not attached to the solid phase but is freely suspended in a solution. This technique may be applied for checking antibodies in a serum of a patient. In brief, the enzyme is subjected to labeled by drugs become stacked to the antibody against the drugs the work of these enzymes is drastically reduce doe to the stickiness of the drugs present in the serum of the patient and the enzyme labeled drugs for antibody in these Lessing antibody activity are elevate the activation of enzyme the monitoring color change by addition of indicator, is what can be used for measuring the activity of the enzyme.

DILUTION: preparation of this solution cause some complicated issue. The need to lay little emphasis on these is important, one of the important law to adhere in mind when carrying out dilution solution, is that if one volume of solution is divided with equal volume of the diluents, such as distilled water then the solution is refer to have been diluted of 1 in 2 volume, that is 1 volume of solution is further diluted with the same volume of diluents then the solution is 1 in 4 dilution, continuously like that.

In terms of neat solution which is not yet diluted, volume of this solution is diluted with 2 volumes of diluents then the solution is 1 in 3 dilution solutions, continuously. It can be observed that if 1 in 3 is diluted with 1 in 4 then the solution is in 1 in 12 continuously.

Mathematical calculation

1/4 x 1/3 = 1/12

1/12 + 1/3 = 1/36

1/36 x 1/4 = 1/144 Continuously………..

The above step can be used to obtain any dilution required.

For example the following equation can be used to the strength required for dilution

In these case 19.93ml of 80% solution must be diluted qwith 35.07ml diluents to achieved 55ml of 29% solution.