The first approach on how to purify water where carried out by allowing water to pass through a bed of sand gavel and cinders. But as the knowledge of bacteriology and realization of the association of water born disease such as shigella dysenteriae , Vibrios cholerae, Salmonella typhi, Entamoeba hystolitica, etc, where discovered, it stimulate more research on filtration device. The history of this technique can be trace back to a man called Chamberland, he is a Louis Pasteur associate. He invented thimble-like vessel which is made up of sintring, a fine white earth use for making cup with a sand mixture molded together. He made these devices in a variety shape and each of this have high degree of water will pass through it. It was later made by another English firm of Doulton as they were basically found in china.
A man called Carl Nortemeyer a German in 1891 made a filter from compress kieselguhr, diatomaceous earth. These filters were name after where the diatomaceous earth was found and it becomes known as Berkfeld filters. Another one is a fibrous pad filter, it was made from unclear asbestos and to dry in conducive molds. It was made in Germany and is called Seit 2 filters, this filter is one of the popular filter used in the hospital, and pharmaceutical industries. It is powerful in removing particle by combination of pore size and electrostatic attraction. But above all the filter are now been replace by membrane filters.
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